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<blockquote>
<p>UIAbility的生命周期包括Create、Foreground、Background、Destroy四个状态,分别对应UIAbility的创建、前台、后台、销毁几种状态。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="1700792809700.png" alt="1700792809700"></p>
<h2 id="onCreate"><a href="#onCreate" class="headerlink" title="onCreate"></a>onCreate</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Create状态在应用加载过程中，UIAbility实例创建完成时触发，系统会调用onCreate()回调。可以在该回调中进行应用初始化操作，例如变量定义资源加载等，用于后续的UI界面展示</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="1700792783906.png" alt="1700792783906"></p>
<h2 id="onWindowStageCreate"><a href="#onWindowStageCreate" class="headerlink" title="onWindowStageCreate"></a>onWindowStageCreate</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">UIAbility实例创建完成之后，在进入Foreground之前，系统会创建一个WindowStage。WindowStage创建完成后会进入onWindowStageCreate()回调，可以在该回调中设置UI界面加载、设置WindowStage的事件订阅。 通过在该函数中调用 windowStage.loadContent进行加载page页面</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="onWindowStageDestroy"><a href="#onWindowStageDestroy" class="headerlink" title="onWindowStageDestroy"></a>onWindowStageDestroy</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">在UIAbility实例销毁之前，则会先进入onWindowStageDestroy()回调，可以在该回调中释放UI界面资源。例如在onWindowStageDestroy()中注销获焦/失焦等WindowStage事件。 </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="onForeground"><a href="#onForeground" class="headerlink" title="onForeground"></a>onForeground</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">在UIAbility的UI界面可见之前，如UIAbility切换至前台时触发。可以在onForeground()回调中申请系统需要的资源，或者重新申请在onBackground()中释放的资源。</span><br><span class="line">比如应用在使用过程中需要使用用户定位时，假设应用已获得用户的定位权限授权。在UI界面显示之前，可以在onForeground()回调中开启定位功能，从而获取到当前的位置信息。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="onBackground"><a href="#onBackground" class="headerlink" title="onBackground"></a>onBackground</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">在UIAbility的UI界面完全不可见之后，如UIAbility切换至后台时候触发。可以在onBackground()回调中释放UI界面不可见时无用的资源，或者在此回调中执行较为耗时的操作，例如状态保存等。当应用切换到后台状态，可以在onBackground()回调中停止定位功能，以节省系统的资源消耗。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="onDestroy"><a href="#onDestroy" class="headerlink" title="onDestroy"></a>onDestroy</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">在UIAbility实例销毁时触发。可以在onDestroy()回调中进行系统资源的释放、数据的保存等操作。例如调用terminateSelf()方法停止当前UIAbility实例，从而完成UIAbility实例的销毁；或者用户使用最近任务列表关闭该UIAbility实例，完成UIAbility的销毁。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="onNewWant"><a href="#onNewWant" class="headerlink" title="onNewWant"></a>onNewWant</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">当启动模式设置为单例模式，且栈中已经存在实例，同时再次启动一个新的实例，这时候会调用该方法，而不会重启oncreate方法</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="页面和自定义组件生命周期"><a href="#页面和自定义组件生命周期" class="headerlink" title="页面和自定义组件生命周期"></a>页面和自定义组件生命周期</h1><p><img src="1700808147432.png" alt="1700808147432"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>自定义组件：@Component装饰的UI单元，可以组合多个系统组件实现UI的复用。</p>
<p>页面：@Entry装饰的自定义组件为页面的入口组件，即页面的根节点，可以由一个或者多个自定义组件组成。一个页面有且仅能有一个@Entry。只有被@Entry装饰的组件才可以调用页面的生命周期。</p>
<ul>
<li>自定义组件可能是页面，也可能不是页面，但页面肯定是一个自定义组件。</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>页面生命周期，即被@Entry装饰的组件生命周期，提供以下生命周期接口:</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="onPageShow"><a href="#onPageShow" class="headerlink" title="onPageShow"></a>onPageShow</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">页面每次显示时触发。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="onPageHide"><a href="#onPageHide" class="headerlink" title="onPageHide"></a>onPageHide</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">页面每次隐藏时触发一次。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="onBackPress"><a href="#onBackPress" class="headerlink" title="onBackPress"></a>onBackPress</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">当用户点击返回按钮时触发。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>组件生命周期，即一般用@Component装饰的自定义组件的生命周期，提供以下生命周期接口：</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="aboutToAppear"><a href="#aboutToAppear" class="headerlink" title="aboutToAppear"></a>aboutToAppear</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">组件即将出现时回调该接口，具体时机为在创建自定义组件的新实例后，在执行其build()函数之前执行。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="aboutToDisappear"><a href="#aboutToDisappear" class="headerlink" title="aboutToDisappear"></a>aboutToDisappear</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">在自定义组件即将析构销毁时执行。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="onMeasure"><a href="#onMeasure" class="headerlink" title="onMeasure"></a>onMeasure</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">框架会在自定义组件确定尺寸时，将该自定义组件的子节点信息和自身的尺寸范围通过onMeasure传递给该自定义组件。不允许在onMeasure函数中改变状态变量。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="onLayout"><a href="#onLayout" class="headerlink" title="onLayout"></a>onLayout</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">框架会在自定义组件布局时，将该自定义组件的子节点信息和自身的尺寸范围通过onLayout传递给该自定义组件。不允许在onLayout函数中改变状态变量。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>




<h1 id="Component"><a href="#Component" class="headerlink" title="@Component"></a>@Component</h1><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">组件装饰器，由一个或多个系统控件组合而成。被@Component装饰的组件可以调用组件生命周期。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">aboutToAppear：组件即将出现时回调该接口，具体时机为在创建自定义组件的新实例后，在执行其build()函数之前执行。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">aboutToDisappear：在自定义组件析构销毁之前执行。不允许在aboutToDisappear函数中改变状态变量，特别是@Link变量的修改可能会导致应用程序行为不稳定。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="Entry"><a href="#Entry" class="headerlink" title="@Entry"></a>@Entry</h1><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">页面装饰器，由一个或多个自定义组件组成，为页面的入口组件，一个页面有且仅有一个@Entry，只有被@Entry装饰的组件才可以调用页面的生命周期。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">onPageShow：页面每次显示时触发一次，包括路由过程、应用进入前台等场景。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">onPageHide：页面每次隐藏时触发一次，包括路由过程、应用进入后台等场景。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">onBackPress：当用户点击返回按钮时触发。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>




<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-guides-V3/uiability-overview-0000001477980929-V3">官方链接</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.harmonyos.com/cn/docs/documentation/doc-references-V3/arkts-custom-component-lifecycle-0000001482395076-V3">官方链接2</a></p>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://houyudong1989.gitee.io/blog">侯玉东</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://houyudong1989.gitee.io/blog/2023/11/10/harmonyOS/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F/">https://houyudong1989.gitee.io/blog/2023/11/10/harmonyOS/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://houyudong1989.gitee.io/blog" 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class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#UIAbility%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">UIAbility组件生命周期</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onCreate"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">onCreate</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onWindowStageCreate"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">onWindowStageCreate</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onWindowStageDestroy"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">onWindowStageDestroy</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onForeground"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">onForeground</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onBackground"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">onBackground</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onDestroy"><span class="toc-number">1.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">onDestroy</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onNewWant"><span class="toc-number">1.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">onNewWant</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%92%8C%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">页面和自定义组件生命周期</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onPageShow"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">onPageShow</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onPageHide"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">onPageHide</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onBackPress"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">onBackPress</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#aboutToAppear"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">aboutToAppear</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#aboutToDisappear"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">aboutToDisappear</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onMeasure"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">onMeasure</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#onLayout"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">onLayout</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Component"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">@Component</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#Entry"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">@Entry</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/blog/2024/05/06/c++/5%E3%80%81%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%92%8C%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2/" title="字符和字符串"><img src="/blog/img/library1.jpeg" onerror="this.onerror=null;this.src='/blog/img/friend_404.gif'" alt="字符和字符串"/></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/blog/2024/05/06/c++/5%E3%80%81%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%92%8C%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2/" title="字符和字符串">字符和字符串</a><time datetime="2024-05-06T11:15:27.280Z" title="发表于 2024-05-06 19:15:27">2024-05-06</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" 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